埃尔南德斯诉卡洛韦等人案

On December 4, 2025, in Phoenix, Arizona, Maria Hernandez filed a federal lawsuit against Officer James Calloway and the city, alleging excessive force and unlawful entry during a botched no-knock warrant execution at the wrong address. Body camera footage showed officers forcibly entering her home and deploying a taser on her unarmed teenage son, mistaking a video game controller for a weapon. The raid caused severe emotional trauma and physical injury. Hernandez claimed violations of her Fourth Amendment rights, seeking compensatory and punitive damages. The incident sparked immediate public outcry and scrutiny of police raid procedures.

2026年4月，联邦地区法院拒绝警方以“有限豁免权”为由申请驳回案件的动议，裁定案件进入证据开示阶段。随后，菲尼克斯市与埃尔南德斯达成675万美元的和解协议，并承诺改革搜查令执行程序。

案件核心争议在于警方的无敲门搜查令执行是否因目标地址错误构成非法入侵，以及对一名持有游戏手柄的未成年人使用电击枪是否构成过度武力和违反宪法第四修正案的不合理扣押。

该案在全美引发对“无敲门搜查令”制度弊病的强烈关注，特别是错误地址突袭的致命风险。推动多个州及联邦层面立法限制或禁止此类搜查令，并要求警方在执行突袭时必须进行更严格的身份核实，重塑了公众对军事化执法透明度的要求。